Existing Condition Modeling, Laser Scanning, Reality Capture, Integrated Surveying, Photogrammetry, Photo/Video Documentation

Capture Conditions using:

• Unmanned Aerial Systems to create a photogrammetric model
• Laser scanning to create a point cloud
• total station data collection to create a GIS dataset
• thermal camera to map energy leaks
• GPR to create a sub-surface model
• GIS to communicate existing condition data
• existing condition models of terrain, infrastructure and assets to establish site restrictions
• photogrammetry to validate QA/QC Consistency Control
• AI-enabled photogrammetry to establish installed quantities for payment applications

• Reduced risk of differing site / built environment asset conditions
• Reduced reliance on field verification
• Increased accuracy of record documentation
• Reducing the potential exposure to unsafe conditions during data capture
• Ability to verify record information against as-built conditions

• What is the level of accuracy of the data supporting the conditions capture.
• Which systems (and what level of detail of those systems) is necessary to be captured to support future steps within the asset lifecycle.
• Verify tolerance and accuracy of data capture - different tool precision and accuracy vary with device type and site conditions.
• Data to be included within any record deliverable. Can be completed at any phase of the design, construction, and operations.

• Record Data from appointing party such as drawings and models.
• Survey data

• Existing Conditions Model, Point Cloud Model, Asset schedules, Reports, Photos, Drawings, GIS Data

• Establish Project Requirements

• Author Design
• Establish Project Requirements
• Sequence Construction
• Compile Record Deliverables

• Field survey with manual model development
• Automated data capture with manual model development
• Automated data capture with automated model development

• Experience in Surveying, GIS Data Management and Reality Capture

• Guide: GSA BIM Guide 03 - 3D Imaging
• Guide: The value of integrating Scan-to-BIM and Scan-vs-BIM techniques for construction monitoring using laser scanning and BIM: The case of cylindrical MEP components - ScienceDirect
• ASCE C-I 38-02; ASCE/UESI/CI 38-22; and ASCE 75-22
• Map/LiDAR Standards-NMAS, ASPRS, NSSDA, ISO/TS 19159-2
       Utah DOT
       CSA S250-2020 Mapping of Underground Utility Infrastructure

01 - CaptureConditions-4.0-1

BIM Use Definition Workgroup

Scoping Requirements, Identify Project Characteristics, Programming Requirements, Design Criteria, Architectural Programing

Establish Project Requirements using:

• Programmatic modeling to establish space requirements.
• Parametric modeling tools to create space model templates for use in authoring design(s).

• Efficient and accurate assessment of design performance regarding spatial requirements by the client.
• Assess the Designer of Record's compliance with meeting program requirements, to include space requirements - designed vs programmed, equipment requirements, maintenance accessibility, code requirements, etc.

Consider client's BIM Knowledge and understand the client's deliverable requirements. All requirements should clearly identify format, data, and outcome requirements. Establishing Project Requirements is typically performed by client / designer during the early phases of a project. If possible, review available national and international standards and borrow requirements from other similar organizations.

• Reference Database Export
• Subsurface Scanning (GPR and EM)
• Above Surface Scanning (LiDar)

• Program Requirements Documentation
• Owner Project Requirements

• Capture Conditions
• Compile Record Deliverables (Renewal/Renovation)

• Capture Conditions
• Author Design

• Programmatic modeling
• Generative Design

• Ability to manipulate, navigate, and review a 3D model.

• Guide: GSA BIM Guide 02 - Spatial Program Validation
• Guide: GSA BIM Guide 06 - Circulation and Security Validation
• Peckiené, Aurelija & Ustinovicius, Leonas. (2017). Possibilities for Building Spatial Planning using BIM Methodology. Procedia Engineering. 172. 851-858. 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.02.085.

02 - EstablishProjectRequirements-4.0-1

BIM Use Definition Workgroup

Design Authoring, Design Authoring and Briefing, Modeling, Discipline Modeling, Model Generation, Generative/Parametric Modeling, Federated Design Model, Design to Maintain, Product Selection, Product Library

Author Design using:

• Parametric modeling to engineer the Structural Systems of a Bridge
• Parametric modeling to configure the Mechanical Systems of a Hospital

• Advance additional BIM Uses as a prerequisite.
• Improved ability to make changes and have those changes reflect throughout all aspects of the design through parametric modeling.
• Improve ability to communicate and visualize design intent.
• Improve collaboration between project stakeholders.
• Improve control and quality control of design, cost, and schedule.

• Review all client BIM Requirements.
• Project team members need to review model element breakdown and model progression specification to ensure requirements and expectations are met.
• Model organization and element naming conventions to support subsequent BIM Uses.
• Best practices for modeling, such as model breakdown, responsibilities, and level of development.

• Owner Project Requirements
• Existing Historical Drawings

• Models
• Structured Data (Files, Databases, etc.)

• Capture Conditions
• Establish Project Requirements

• Review Design
• Coordinate Design and Construction
• Create Construction Documents
• Author Estimate
• Sequence Construction
• Author Fabrication Details
• Author Temporary Works
• Compile Record Deliverables

• 3D Modeling Software
• Generative Design

• Knowledge of Modeling Software
• Ability to create intelligent models with associated facility data/attribute data.
• Knowledge to meet design and construction requirements
• Knowledge of construction means and methods

• BIMForum. (2021). LOD Specification Version 2021. Retrieved from BIMForum website: https://bimforum.org/lod/ https://bimforum.org/lod/
• Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R., & Liston, K. (2011). BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers, and Contractors (2nd Edition). Wiley.
• Autodesk. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.autodesk.com/solutions/bim/design-engineering 
• Succar, B. (2009). Building Information Modelling Maturity Matrix. In P. Barrett, & K. Sexton (Eds.), Proceedings of the CIB W78-W102 Joint Conference on Construction IT (pp. 129-137). Sydney, Australia: University of New South Wales.
• American Institute of Architects (AIA). (2017). E202-2013,Building Information Modeling Protocol Exhibit. Retrieved from https://aiacontracts.com/

03 - AuthorDesign-4.0-1

BIM Use Definition Workgroup

Shop Modeling, Fabrication Modeling, Construction Model, Federated Construction Model, Digital Fabrication

Author Fabrication Detail using:

• CAD detailing solution to drive a CNC machine.
• Model authoring tool to create installation details and requirements.

• Reduce fabrication and install time.
• Increased accuracy and tolerance of fabricated elements.
• Reduce rework during installation.
• Reduced material waste by optimizing material usage.

Project teams/organizations should assess downstream workflows, formats most suitable, and information need to ensure that fabricators and installers can successfully utilize the fabrication details produced during the BIM process.

• Product Catalog
• Design Model
• Construction Documents

• Fabrication Model
• Product Specs/Data
• Fabrication/Shop Drawings
• Installation / Assembly instructions

• Author Design
• Create Construction Documents

• Coordinate Design and Construction
• Compile Record Deliverables
• Layout Construction

• Model Authoring software
• Drafting software.
• Specialized fabrication software (i.e., metal, steel, HVAC, plumbing, manufacturing, etc.)

• Ability to manipulate, navigate, and review 3D model.
• Ability to make appropriate construction decisions using 3D Design Software.
• Knowledge of typical and appropriate construction practices for each component.

• Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R., & Liston, K. (2011). BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers, and Contractors. John Wiley & Sons.
• Hardin, B., & McCool, D. (2018). BIM and Construction Management: Proven Tools, Methods, and Workflows. John Wiley & Sons.
• Kensek, K., and Noble, D. Building Information Modeling: BIM in Current and Future Practice. John Wiley & Sons, 2014.
• Becerik-Gerber, B. and Janice W. R. L. Chua, eds. Intelligent and Responsive Buildings: BIM-based Tools for Integrated Design and Delivery. Springer, 2020.
• Fischer, Martin, and Rafael Sacks. Structured Interpretation of BIM Data for Automated Generation of Assembly- and Fabrication-Related Information. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 24, no. 1 (2010): 25-35.

04 - GenerateFabricationDetails-4.0-1

BIM Use Definition Workgroup

Temporary Works Models, Construction System Design

Author Temporary Work using:

• Structural Modeling Tool develop scaffolding plans.
• Model authoring tool to establish temporary on-site offices.
• Structural detailing tool to design temporary shoring.

• Components and installation sequences can be visualized, coordinated with the design model and construction sequence, and analyzed in detail.
• Increased safety, productivity, and constructability better understanding of project and construction systems.
• Improved communication and a better understanding of complex building systems. Collaboration between multiple disciplines is enabled, along with the automation of work package development.
• Help identify modularization, preassembly, and prefabrication opportunities.
• Establish record asset information to prevent incidents and identify useful life for structures used and reused on multiple projects.

• Temporary Works can include, but are not limited to, Concrete formwork, Scaffolding, Support of excavation systems, Temporary shoring, Temporary heating and cooling, Temporary lighting, On-site temporary facilities, and other engineered temporary construction systems.
• The temporary work model needs to be reviewed in conjunction the design model and the sequence of the temporary installation with the construction sequence to minimize conflict between all project components.
• The structural components of the temporary structures need to be coordinated with the project's permanent structural components for clash detection and elimination.

• Open libraries of temporary elements
• Existing project conditions
• Construction schedule
• Site logistics utilization plan/inventory storage layout
• Supply chain/material delivery schedule
• Design model
• Prefabrication details
• MEP layout
• Heavy equipment information and capabilities
• Existing conditions model for renovation/rehabilitation projects
• Space utilization layout/information

• Temporary works model and, if applicable
• Clash-detection reports/information
• Revised construction sequence
• Revised supply chain
• Revised site logistics/utilization
• Revised prefabrication information
• Project (out-of-service) timeline information
• Revised space utilization layout/information

• Author Design
• Produce Construction Documents

• Coordinate Design and Construction
• Layout Construction

• Model Authoring software
• Drafting software

• Ability to manipulate, navigate, and review 3D model.
• Ability to make appropriate construction decisions using 3D Design Software
• Knowledge of typical and appropriate construction practices for each component
• Ability to analyze the impact of introduced model components on potential benefits such as safety, productivity, and sequencing of work.

• Constructability: A guide to reducing temporary work. Temp Works Forum [online]. 2020. [Accessed 2023]. Available from: https://www.twforum.org.uk/blogs/david-thomas/2020/10/12/constructability-guide-to-reducing-temporary-works.
• Pham, K., Vu, D., Hong, P.L., & Park, C. (2020). 4D-BIM-Based Workspace Planning for Temporary Safety Facilities in Construction SMEs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17.
  https://sbenrc.com.au/app/uploads/2013/10/Publication-3-27-2_CASE-STUDIES-OF-BIM-BASED-DYNAMIC-SCAFFOLDING-DESIGN-AND-SAFETY-PREVENTION.pdf.
• BIM Guide 04 - 4D phasing. GSA [online]. 13 August 2017. [Accessed 2023]. Available from: https://www.gsa.gov/real-estate/design-and-construction/3d4d-building-information-modeling/bim-guides/bim-guide-04-4d-phasing

05 - AuthorTemporaryWork-4.0-1

BIM Use Definition Workgroup

5D, Quantity Takeoff, QTO, Cost Estimating, Engineers Estimate, Cost Analysis, Total Cost of Ownership

Author Estimate using:

• Model extracted quantities to establish construction budget and/or bid.
• Elements mapped into a cost accounting solution to support updating cost estimates throughout design.
• Life-cycle Cost Analysis and First Cost Estimate to determine the total cost of ownership

• Reducing the time to take off a project.
• Increasing the accuracy of takeoffs, especially counts.
• Better visualization of quantities

• BIM can and should be used to support the estimating process, however accuracy and maturity of the model must be considered just as with drawing development.
• Models may not also be developed in a manner suitable for QTO. Cost Estimators should work with designers to establish requirements and expectations to support estimating workflows.
• Estimators should understand the level of development (LOD) for model elements.
• Estimators should verify data accuracy within the model. Often model elements are not properly labeled within a model or an element could be used to represent something else. i.e., a floor element could be used as a ceiling.

• Design Model
• Construction / Fabrication Model
• Historical Cost Data Sets

• Spreadsheet with counts and quantities.
• Construction Estimate / Budget built upon data from a model.
• A Bill of Materials to be purchase for the install.

• Author Design
• Author Fabrication Details

• Author Design

• Design authoring tools
• Model review tools
• BIM-enabled cost estimating tools

• Ability to understand and manipulate element data/attributes within the model.
• Background in cost estimation fundamentals and best practices

• Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R., & Liston, K. (2011). BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers, and Contractors. John Wiley & Sons.
• Hardin, B., & McCool, D. (2018). BIM and Construction Management: Proven Tools, Methods, and Workflows. John Wiley & Sons.
• Dagostino, F. R., & Feigenbaum, L. (2018). Estimating in Building Construction. Pearson.
• Hardin, B., & McCool, D. (2013). BIM for Construction Cost Estimating: Processes, Procedures, and Best Practices. John Wiley & Sons.
• Pittard, S. (2015). BIM and Quantity Surveying. Routledge.

06 - AuthorEstimate-4.0-1

BIM Use Definition Workgroup

Design Analysis, Engineering Analysis, Mechanical Analysis, Electrical Analysis, Structural Analysis, Energy Analysis, Lighting Analysis, Building System Analysis, Sustainability Analysis, Carbon Impact Analysis, emergency evacuation planning, Disaster Planning/EM Preparation, Site Analysis, Simulation, Spatial Analysis, Sustainability LEED Planning, Code Validation, Code Validation, Way Finding.

Analyze Design using:

• Energy Analysis and Simulation tools to optimize built environment asset performance.
• Structural Analysis and Design tools to validate structural design.
• Daylighting and Lighting Analysis Tools to understand built environment asset lighting.
• Sustainability Assessment Tools to report on overall sustainability scoring.
• Code Compliance and Regulatory Analysis Tools to validate compliance.
• Energy impact simulation tools to understand heat island effect and overall site energy performance.
• Resilient design and water management analysis to understand usage of pervious materials, green roofs, water features, and other water management and reclamation methods.
• Carbon impact analysis to improve material selection.

BIM enables designers to optimize energy performance, assess natural light levels, and evaluate structural integrity, leading to more efficient and sustainable designs. BIM-based design analysis empowers stakeholders to make informed decisions, identify design improvements, resolve conflicts, and ensure compliance with project objectives and requirements.

When using BIM for design analysis, it is important to consider factors such as data accuracy and quality, appropriate level of detail in the BIM model, selection of suitable analysis tools and software, integration and interoperability among different platforms, expertise and training of team members, clear definition of scope and objectives, an iterative and collaborative approach to analysis, and recognition of limitations and uncertainties inherent in the analysis process. By considering these aspects, project teams can ensure accurate and reliable analysis outcomes, leading to optimized design decisions and improved project outcomes.

• BIM Models include model geometry.
• Material Properties
• Component specifications
• Design Constraints and requirements
• Project Site Information

• Visualizations and Simulations
• Studies and Reports such as daylighting, energy, sustainability, overall performance.
• Built environment asset Engineering Analysis
• Code analysis

• Author Design
• Capture Conditions
• Establish Project Requirements

• Author Design
• Sequence Construction
• Review Design

• Design Authoring tools with enhanced analysis functionality.
• Energy Analysis and Simulation tools
• Structural Analysis and Design tools
• Daylighting and Lighting Analysis Tools
• Sustainability Assessment Tools
• Code Compliance and Regulatory Analysis Tools

Using BIM-based design analysis effectively requires competencies such as a solid understanding of BIM principles and methodologies, proficiency in relevant software tools, data analysis and interpretation skills, domain expertise in the specific analysis discipline, effective collaboration and communication abilities, strong problem-solving skills, a mindset of continuous learning, and knowledge of applicable codes and regulations. These competencies enable professionals to navigate and manipulate BIM models, interpret analysis outputs, make informed design decisions, collaborate with multidisciplinary teams, and stay updated with industry trends.

• Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R., & Liston, K. (2018). BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers, and Contractors. John Wiley & Sons.
• Smith, D. K., & Tardif, M. (Eds.). (2019). Building Information Modeling: A Strategic Implementation Guide for Architects, Engineers, Constructors, and Real Estate Asset Managers. John Wiley & Sons.
• Yan, W., Kang, J., & Kang, S. C. (2019). BIM for Sustainable Building Design. Routledge.
• National Institute of Building Sciences. (2018). National BIM Guide for Owners (Version 3.0). Retrieved from https://www.nibs.org/page/bsa_nationalbimguide.
• Arayici, Y., Coates, P., Koskela, L., Kagioglou, M., Usher, C., & O'Reilly, K. (2011). Technology adoption in the BI implementation for lean architectural practice. Automation in Construction, 20(2), 189-195.

07 - AnalyzeDesign-4.0-1

BIM Use Definition Workgroup

4D Modeling, Phase Planning (4D), Constructability, Schedule Visualization, Sequencing, Site Utilization Planning, Construction Simulation, Construction Logistics, 4D Scheduling, 4D BIM

Sequence Construction using:

• 4D modeling to create site logistics plans.
• Diagrammatic animations to review the project elements install sequence validity.
• Diagrammatic animations to review site utilities relocation order of operations.
• Detailed visualization to communicate temporary lane closures for a bridge replacement.
• 4D modeling to coordinate install sequence of prefabricated building systems to minimize conflict with on-site fabrications.
• Detail animations to enhance construction waste/recycling sequences.
• 4D modeling to coordinate temporary works to conduct safety and hazard analysis.
• Integrated Modeling and GIS to optimize the construction supply chain.
• 4D modeling technology to establish the order of operation to relocate and preserve existing trees and landscape.
• 4D modeling to coordinate move management

• Enable 4D Modeling/ 4D Scheduling/4D simulations (VDC) possibilities, optimized schedules.
• Visualize the schedule for trades to validate.
• Constructability Analysis
• Forecast construction plan.
• Provides a more efficient means for visualizing and communicating the project schedule and critical path to all stakeholders.
• Provides a more efficient means to create dynamic occupancy plans for evaluating swing space and potential conflicts.
• Integrate planning of human, equipment, and material resources with the model to improve scheduling and cost estimating functions.
• Identify and resolve spatial and sequencing conflicts ahead of the construction process.
• Salvaging and reusing of existing mature trees.
• Use model for marketing purposes.
• Use model for bidding on projects.

Project teams should evaluate what elements should be included within a construction such as labor resources, materials and associated deliveries, and equipment location. Because the 3D model components are directly linked to the schedule, site management functions such as visualized planning, short-term re-planning, and resources can be analyzed over different spatial and temporal data.

Visualizing Construction Sequencing is a useful tool for planning the phased occupancy of a building during renovation, retrofitting, or addition projects. It can also be used to visualize the construction sequence and space requirements on a building site. By incorporating the element of time, Visualizing Construction Sequencing provides a powerful visualization and communication tool that helps the project team, including the client, to gain a better understanding of the project milestones and construction plans.

Consider how tasks that are not associated with model geometry will be tracked/represented in the model. (i.e., permits, submittals, etc.). Considering how the model was/will be developed to support construction sequences visualization (e.g., the designers design intent model will show a slab modeled as one pour however, the contractor may choose to break up the model into multiple pours to align with the sequence of work/schedule).

• Design Intent / Fabrication Models
• Productivity Information
• Lead Times

• Schedule Draft/Final
• 4D Model Draft/Final

• Author Design
• Author Fabrication Details
• Capture Conditions
• Author Temporary Works

• Coordinate Design and Construction
• Review Design

• Design Authoring Software
• Scheduling Software
• 4D Modeling Software

• Knowledge of construction scheduling and general construction processes
• Ability to manipulate, navigate, and review a 3D model.
• Knowledge of 4D software: import geometry, create and manage links to schedule activities, produce and control animations, etc.

• GSA BIM Guide 04 - 4D Phasing
• 4D BIM Simulation Guideline for Construction Visualization and Analysis of Renovation Projects: A Case Study
• Dawood, N. N., & Mallasi, Z. (2006). Construction Workspace Planning: Assignment and Analysis Utilizing 4D Visualization Technologies. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 21(7).
• Brito, Douglas Malheiro de and Emerson de Andrade Marques Ferreira. "Strategies for Representation and Analyses of 4D Modeling Applied to Construction Project Management." Procedia. Economics and finance 21 (2015): 374-382.
• Jongeling, R., Kim, J., Fischer, M., Morgeous, C., and Olofsson, T. (2008). Quantitative analysis of workflow, temporary structure usage, and productivity using 4D models. Automation in Construction, Pgs. 780-791.

08 - SequenceConstruction-4.0-1

BIM Use Definition Workgroup

3D Coordination, MEPFP Coordination, Clash Management, Interference Management, Spatial Coordination, Clash Detection, BIM Coordination

Coordinate Design and Construction using:

• Clash Detection software to Identify interferences in MEPFP systems prior to prefabrication.
• Coordination software to align structural and architectural elements during design development.
• Virtual walkthroughs to understand potential installation concerns between existing and new built environment asset systems.
• Clash detection to mitigate potential clashes between site utilities, landscaping elements, and building systems.

• Reduced design errors and omission.
• Reduced defects in construction phases, below ground and above ground assets/services. (Note: rarely will models be completely clash free, rather critical items will be resolved).
• Better production planning with all contractors.
• Project checking rules which leads to better design quality.
• Automatically identifying interferences within design, construction, maintenance, and temporary elements

• Model LOD to ensure success coordination including the project elements that have not been modeled.
• Expectation of responsible coordination to be documented within the BEP. i.e., what is acceptable to leave as coordination concern.
• Uncertainty/tolerances in source data including existing conditions model.
• Evaluate the alignment of the coordination efforts within the overall design and construction schedules to ensure that all issues identified are addressed.
• Ensure that appropriate decision makers are a part of coordination efforts.
• Consider asynchronous coordination methodology and the order in which coordination concerns can be resolved.
• Coordination includes elements beyond clash detection such as clearances, accessibility, and constructability.

• Design Model
• Construction / Fabrication Model
• 4D Model / Construction Schedule
• Existing Conditions Model

• Coordinated Model
• Coordinated shop drawings
• Updates to design models
• List of Coordination Concerns to be addressed including RFIs

• Author Design
• Author Fabrication Details
• Capture Conditions
• Author Temporary Works

• Visualize Construction Sequence
• Review Design and Construction
• Create Construction Documents

• Model aggregation software
• Model collaboration software
• Issue management software

• Ability to navigate a model.
• Knowledge construction process and procedures
• Understanding of constructability of project elements

• BIM for Design Coordination: A Virtual Design and Construction Guide for Designers, General Contractors, and MEP Subcontractors.
• Elements to consider in 3D BIM coordination | BIMCommunity
• Hardin, B., McCool, D., & Stowe, K. (2018). BIM and Construction Management: Proven Tools, Methods, and Workflows. Wiley.
• Willett, D. (2015). Clash Detection and Coordination: An Introduction to Building Information Modeling. John Wiley & Sons.
• USACE Interference Management Guidelines
• ASCE 38-20 Standard Guideline for the Collection and Depiction of Existing Subsurface Utility Data
• Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing, And Fire Protection Systems (MEP) Spatial Coordination: Requirements for Construction Installation Models and Deliverables—Revised May 2012 NBIMS Version 3

09 - CoordinateDesignAndConstruction-4.0-1

BIM Use Definition Workgroup

Data Validation, Validate Compliance with LOD Requirements, Design Review, Model Quality Review, Virtual Mock-up, Owner Approval

Review Design Using:

• Checklists to validate a COBie output against an owner's modeling and data requirements.
• Matrices to identify the minimum LOD required, and using that matrix to check the models against during the review process
• Spreadsheets to automatically validate a spatial report provided by an Architect against the appointing party's spatial requirements
• Model Checking tools to identify errors.
• Using a cloud software to compare basis of design parameters against submitted parameters (e.g., - a pump's design flow capacity vs. flow capacity of equipment being submitted for procurement)

• Reduced RFIs
• Reduced Change Orders
• Reduced changes to schedule during construction
• Overall Cost Savings

Note, this BIM Use is not limited to the design phase, rather the design should be reviewed through all phase of a project. Review Design may have many iterations throughout a project, that range from developing a PDF checklist to utilizing software to produce automated reports on design validity based on specific inputs.

• BIM Execution Plans
• Digital Practice Plans
• Data requirements Matrix
• Scopes of Work
• Spatial Data Files
• Energy Data Files
• Design Intent Models
• Owner Project Requirements

• Report of Review Comments
• Error Reports
• Data Validation Reports
• Deviation Reports

• Establish Program Requirements
• Author Design
• Produce Construction Documents

• Author Design

• Design review software (model review and document review)
• Model Checkers
• Automated Tabular Review Template
• Task Tracking Software
• Coordination Software

• Understanding of design requirements and standards.
• Understanding Model Quality Control and Quality Assurance processes.
• Understanding project construction processes.
• Understanding of asset operational processes.

• Altabtabai, Jawad A S R B (2017). Parametric BIM-based Design Review. Doctoral dissertation, Texas A & M University. Available electronically from https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/169611.
• GSA Model Checkers.

10 - ReviewDesign-4.0-1

BIM Use Definition Workgroup

PS&Es, Produce Drawings, Product Drawings, Working Drawings, Contract Documents, Contract Drawings, Construction Drawings (CDs), Specification Production, Manufacturers Information, Perform Procurement

Create Construction Documents using:

• Design authoring tools to produce construction drawings.
• Specification extraction to produce construction specifications and product schedules.
• Detailing tools to create shop drawings.

• Simplifying the annotation process through compiling elements such as notes, table of contents and schedules
• Reducing time to make updates / revisions because of the parametric nature of the drawings.
• Drawings are contained in the discipline models which reduces the files to submit.
• More accurate detailing and sections cut from model which are less error prone/avoid miss interpreting line styles and projections.

• Evaluate drawings necessary to produce the project.
• The LOD needed to communicate design intent as models are often detailed with little value provided for fabrication.
• Establish the optimal time to transition from a design intent to fabrication documentation.
• Understand the elements that will be modeled vs communicated drafting details, the templates to use, the systems that will be model, location of general notes sheets, and development of keynotes and sheet notes. Model authoring tools do not produce a 1:1 match of traditional CAD standards which needs to be expressed to clients and CAD managers, etc.

• Design-intent models
• Fabrication models

• PDF set of Plans
• Design Model with sheet views
• Model views and details to be imported into collaboration tools

• Author Design

• Author Fabrication Details
• Author Temporary Works

• Model Authoring software
• Drafting software

• Design and/or fabrication detailing experience
• Understanding that model elements contain data which also needs to be accurately represented.
• Expertise in the model authoring / detailing tools

• National CAD Standard
• A/E/C Graphic Standards
• GSA Drawings Standards
• ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines
• Drawing Deliverables Requirements (DDR)

11 - ProduceConstructionDocuments-4.0-1

BIM Use Definition Workgroup

Record Modeling, As-Built Modeling, As-Built Markup, Turnover Documents, Digital Markups, Project Record, Facility Data/COBie Deliverable, Operations & Maintenance Manuals, Commissioning, FM Documentation

Compile Record Deliverables using:

• Commissioning Checklists and Data to Document Commissioning Data for Facility Management.
• Asset Information exchange for use in facility information management systems.
• Documenting precise As-built conditions in an updated fabrication model.
• Model authoring software to create reusable updated design-intent model reflecting as installed information.
• Photorealistic rendering to market the built environment asset features.
• COBie imports to support space planning/management, monitor energy performance and other maintenance needs.

• Provide a reference toward modeling of future renovations.
• Create historical documentation/record of the built environment asset.
• Populate facility information management systems.
• Provide the appointing party with a model of the building, equipment, and spaces within a building to create possible synergies with other BIM Uses
• Minimize physical documentation required for building turnover information.
• Enable integration of information with appointing party facility management systems unlocking additional BIM Uses
• Aid in the permitting process (e.g., continuous change vs. specified code.)
• Minimize built environment asset turnover dispute (e.g., link to contract with historical data highlights expectations and comparisons drawn to the final product.)
• Accommodate the appointing party's needs and wants to help foster a stronger relationship and promote repeat business.
• Assess appointing party requirement data such as room areas or environmental performance to as-designed, as-built, or as-performing data

• Record deliverables can be compiled through all stages in the project, i.e., design, construction, and operation. Therefore, the model fidelity varies depending on which phase it is being developed (Dossick et al., 2017).
• These types of models are a more cost-effective solution for facility management purposes as they have a specific BIM use that does not need all the details from design and construction, making the model easy to use and modify throughout a built environment asset's lifecycle. Owners can also use Design-Intent Record Models for commissioning (Messner et al., 2013).
• Design-Intent Record Models can also be used to map and track recently updated commissioning data (Massachusetts Port Authority, 2017)

• Equipment Information
• Project Submittal Information
• COBIE Requirements
• Design Model
• Coordination Model
• 4D Model

• Record Model
• Operations and Maintenance Manuals

• Author Design
• Create Construction Documents
• Author Fabrication Details
• Author Temporary Works
• Layout Construction
• Coordinate Design and Construction

• Establish Project Requirements
• Capture Conditions

• Ability to manipulate, navigate, and review BIM modeling application for building updates and review.
• Understanding of built environment asset operations processes to ensure correct input of information.
• Effective communication between the design, construction, and facilities management teams
• Understanding of built environment asset operations processes to ensure correct input of information.
• Effective communication between the design, construction, and facilities management teams

• Geo-tagging fixed and movable assets
• 3D model viewing software

• Brown, J. L. (September 2009). Wisconsin Bets on BIM. Civil Engineering, 40-41.
• CRC for Construction Innovation. Adopting BIM for Facilities Management - Solutions for Managing the Syndey Opera House.
• Gregerson, J. (December 2009). For Owners, BIM Has Vim. Buildings, 26.
• Knight, D., Roth, S., & Rosen, S. (June 2010). Using BIM in HVAC Design. ASHRAE Journal, 24-34.
• Madsen, J. J. (July 2008). Build Smarter, Faster, and Cheaper with BIM. Buildings, 94-96.
• McKew, H. (July 2009). Owners, Please Demand More From Your IPD Team. Engineered Systems, 50.
• Woo, J., Wilsmann, J., & Kang, D. (2010). Use of As-Built Building Information Modeling. Construction Research Congress 2010, 538-548.

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BIM Use Definition Workgroup

Digital Layout, Automated Machine Guidance, Digital Control, Machine Control, Digital Fabrication, Field & Material Tracking

Layout Construction using:

• Model information on a survey instrument to place reference markers, and check reference markers to identify specific construction locations.
• GPS-Enabled devices to establish project control points.
• GPS-Enabled devices to control construction equipment.
• GPS-Enabled device to validate installed conditions for QA/QC.

• Decrease layout errors.
• Increase efficiency and productivity by decreasing time spent preparing survey data.
• Reduce rework since control points are received directly from the model.

Construction layout uses survey tools and method but is not a licensed practice. Nevertheless, the person performing layout or preparing the data for the machine control systems needs to have a thorough understanding of survey principles. Control points will improve the overall accuracy of the efforts.

• Survey Metadata describing the project coordinates.
• Control monuments
• GPS localization
• Design models

• Grade checking spreadsheet
• Graded surface
• Reference markers
• Reference stakes

• Author Design
• Create Construction Documents
• Author Fabrication Details
• Author Temporary Works

• Compile Record Deliverables
• Capture Conditions

• Data preparation to create a file to load onto real-time positioning system, e.g., survey rover or machine control system.
• Real-time positioning equipment with the required accuracy for the construction tolerance.
• Machine control systems
• Digital layout equipment
• Survey/field data preparation software

• Thorough understanding of survey principles related to construction layout.
• Ability to utilize robotic total station.
• Thorough understanding of machine control systems.
• Ability to create, manipulate, navigate, and review models.

• Chen, Jiayu, Tang, Pingbo, and Zhang, Jiansong. "Automation of Construction Processes Using BIM: Current Status and Future Directions." Journal of Automation in Construction, vol. 105, 2019, pp. 189-202. DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2019.04.003.
• Qi, Yunlei, Mina, Mani, and Wu, Chenglong. "Building Information Modeling (BIM)-Based Prefabrication and Automation in Construction: A Review." Automation in Construction, vol. 80, 2017, pp. 145-159. DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2017.04.009.
• Baker, Jr., James R., and Barringer, H. Paul. "Automation of Construction Equipment Using Building Information Modeling (BIM)." Construction Research Congress, 2014, pp. 1752-1761. DOI: 10.1061/9780784413517.174.
• Kim, Kyungki, Fujita, Chikako, and Messner, John I. "BIM for Construction Safety: Automated Safety Rule Checking Using BIM." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, vol. 143, no. 10, 2017. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001366.
• O'Brien, William, and Nallathambi, Perumal. "Automation and Robotics in Construction: Opportunities and Challenges." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, vol. 141, no. 2, 2015. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000579.

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BIM Use Definition Workgroup

Asset Management, Asset Planning, Capital Management, Maintenance Management, Asset Life-cycle Management, Asset Tracking, Asset Inventory Management, Asset Performance Management, Asset Utilization, Communication Device Management, Maintenance & Repair Information, Building Maintenance Scheduling, Security/Key Management

Manage Assets using:

• A COBie data set to populate a computerized maintenance management system.
• Asset information to create a central repository of asset data.
• BIM Data to schedule and optimize maintenance activities.
• Mobile BIM Solution to locate and update asset data on-site.
• Digital Twins to provide real-time data for better decision making.
• Model-based room tags to provide access controls.
• Model visualization to help with wayfinding.

Using BIM to aid in managing assets offers benefits to organizations such as improved asset performance, cost savings, compliance, informed decision-making, extended asset lifespans, efficient inventory management, safety and risk management, and stakeholder satisfaction. By utilizing BIM technology, organizations can enhance asset management practices by incorporating 3D models, data integration, and collaborative workflows. BIM enables organizations to create digital representation of assets, facilitating better planning, maintenance, emergency monitoring, natural/living systems monitoring, and utilization throughout the asset life-cycle. With BIM's comprehensive information and visualization capabilities, organizations can make more accurate decisions, optimize resource allocation, and streamline asset management processes, resulting in increased efficiency and improved outcomes.

Considerations for using BIM in asset management include data integration, standardization, lifecycle perspective, collaboration, maintenance planning, security, and scalability for open data connections and open API connections. These factors ensure seamless information exchange, consistent data structures, effective maintenance planning, secure data management, and adaptability to future needs.

• Asset inventory data sets such as COBie and drawing equipment schedules.
• Project cost data
• Design and construction data
• Commissioning and Maintenance reports

• Asset performance reports and corrections
• Maintenance and repair schedules
• Lifecycle Management reports
• Financial Reports
• Compliance Documentation
• Optimization Recommendations

• Compile Record Deliverables
• Manage Space

• Establish Project Requirements
• Capture Conditions
• Author Design

Preparing Building Information Modeling (BIM) for asset management requires governance and competencies in BIM knowledge, asset management principles, data management and analysis, proficiency in relevant BIM software, along with an asset management team that can track asset performance analysis, and standards and compliance knowledge. These competencies enable professionals to effectively work with BIM tools, manage asset data, analyze performance metrics, collaborate with stakeholders, ensure compliance, and stay updated with industry advancements.

Computerized Maintenance Management System, Enterprise Asset Management, Preventive Maintenance Management System (PPMS), Computer-Aided Facility Management (CAFM), Maintenance Management System (MMS), Asset Performance Management (APM), Field Service Management (FSM).

• Teicholz, P. M. (2013). BIM for Facility Managers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R., & Liston, K. (2018). BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Architects, Engineers, Contractors, and Fabricators. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.
• ISO 19650.

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BIM Use Definition Workgroup

Space Management, Space Utilization, Space Requirement Analysis, Space Inventory, Space Allocation, Traffic Flow, and Circulation Planning

Manage Space Using:

• BIM Record Deliverables to optimize utilization of space.
• Legacy 2D, PDF, GIS, and other documentation to schedule rooms for existing facilities
• GMMS to schedule classrooms
• Field inspections to establish a space inventory.
• Graphical source information to develop fire exit plans

It improves space utilization by identifying underutilized areas and optimizing space allocation. BIM enhances design and planning by providing 3D visualization and simulation capabilities, aiding in informed decision-making. BIM fosters collaboration and communication among stakeholders involved in space management, reducing space conflicts. It leads to cost and time savings, better cost estimation, and supports future modifications and renovations. BIM also improves the occupant's experience by designing spaces to meet their specific needs and preferences. Overall, BIM can be used as a source for space management to optimize space utilization, enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve occupant satisfaction. Although BIM can be used as a space management solution it also can be the source of geometry and data for non-BIM space management solutions.

Ensuring data accuracy and quality, establishing standardization and consistency in naming and classification, fostering collaborative processes and communication among stakeholders, providing training and skill development, integrating BIM with existing systems, implementing robust security measures and data management practices, and designing the BIM model to be scalable and flexible for future modifications. Space management for many owners involves ongoing changes that happen based on movement of people and assets and must be maintained at a different tempo than a static BIM deliverable. The appropriate level of information needed for day-to-day operations must be considered. By addressing these considerations, organizations can maximize the benefits of BIM technology in space management, including accurate data, efficient collaboration, and adaptability to changing needs.

• Design Models
• Facility Program Models
• Room Data Sheets
• Sensor Data
• Utilization Reports
• Legacy 2D, PDF plans of existing facilities
• Indoor GIS

• Spatial Visualizations
• 2D and 3D floor Plans
• Space Allocations and Utilization reports
• Move Management Plans
• Space Management
• Indoor GIS

• Compile Record Deliverables
• Capture Conditions
• Manage Assets
• Manage Space (Renewal)
• Monitor Performance

• Establish Project Requirements
• Capture Conditions
• Author Design

Design Authoring tools, Integrated Workplace Management Systems (IWMS), Computer-Aided Facility Management (CAFM) System, Space Visualization and Modeling Tools, Space Analytics and Reporting Tools.

Proficiency in BIM software tools, understanding spatial planning and design principles, data management and organization skills, effective collaboration and communication abilities, problem-solving and critical thinking aptitude, continuous learning and adaptability, knowledge of building regulations and standards, project management proficiency, data analysis and visualization capabilities, and understanding of facility management principles. Developing these competencies through education, training, experience, and self-improvement enables individuals and teams to effectively leverage BIM for space management tasks.

• Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R., & Liston, K. (2018). BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Architects, Engineers, Contractors, and Fabricators. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.
• Choi, J., & Fischer, M. (2012). Utilizing BIM for space management in healthcare facilities. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 26(4), 546-557.
• Jensen, M. B., Bräunl, T., & Scherer, R. J. (2016). Utilizing BIM for space management in building operations. Procedia Engineering, 164, 310-317.

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BIM Use Definition Workgroup

Monitor System Performance, Performance tracking, Building System Analysis.

Monitor Performance using:

• Sensor Data and Building Automations systems to create performance dashboards.
• IoT devices to forecast and adjust energy data.

Improves operational efficiency by identifying inefficiencies and optimizing workflows, enhances sustainability through environmental impact assessment and green practices, enables proactive maintenance to prevent breakdowns and optimize schedules, ensures compliance with standards and regulations, facilitates data-driven decision-making for optimized resource allocation, fosters collaboration and communication among stakeholders, and supports lifecycle optimization for long-term benefits. Ultimately, these advantages lead to cost savings, improved occupant comfort, and a more sustainable and efficient built environment asset overall.

The BIM model must be established to deliver data to monitoring systems by defining the use cases for monitoring and what data is needed from BIM to support those use cases. For example, using COBie to identify assets and attributes that will be part of the monitoring use.

• Facility Design and Construction Data
• Equipment and Systems Data
• Performance Metrics and Standards
• Sensor Data and Building Automation System (BAS) Data
• Maintenance and Asset Management Data
• Digital Twins

• Performance Dashboards and Reports
• Alerts and Notifications
• Predictive Analytics and Forecasting
• Maintenance and Performance Recommendations
• Digital Twins

• Compile Record Deliverables
• Capture Conditions
• Manage Assets
• Manage Space
• Monitor Performance (Renewal)

• Establish Project Requirements
• Capture Conditions
• Author Design

• Model Authoring Tools
• Web APIs for connecting systems
• Performance Analysis Software
• Building Automation Systems
• Data analytics and visualization
• Sensor and IoT technology

Effectively using BIM to deliver data and the model into systems that Monitor Performance requires competencies in BIM software proficiency, as well as alignment with the users and systems that Monitor Performance. Varied skills from stakeholders include data management and analysis, understanding performance metrics and standards, facility systems knowledge, and technical understanding of energy efficiency and maintenance procedures.

• BIM for Building Owners and Developers: Making a Business Case for Implementing BIM on Capital Projects
• BIM for Facility Managers

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BIM Use Definition Workgroup